Steve Reich - Four Organs

Four Organs is a work for four electronic organs and maraca, composed by Steve Reich in January 1970.

The four organs, harmonically expound a dominant eleventh chord (E--D--E--F♯--G♯--A--B), dissecting the chord by playing parts of it sequentially while the chord slowly increases in duration from a single 1/8 note at the beginning to 200 beats at the end. The process of increased augmentation is accomplished first by causing notes to sustain after the chord, and then notes start anticipating the chord. As the piece progresses, this "deconstruction" of the chord emphasizes certain harmonies. At the climax of the work, each tone sounds almost in sequence. A continuous maraca beat serves as a rhythmic framework.

Reich describes the piece as "the longest V--I cadence in the history of Western Music" the V (B--D--F♯) and I (E--G♯--B) chords being contained within the one chord: "You'll find the chord in Debussy and Thelonious Monk -- the tonic on top and the dominant on the bottom."[1] He has cited the music of Pérotin and other twelfth and thirteenth century composers as suggesting the technique of note augmentation used in Four Organs.

For performances of the piece, Reich recommended using electronic organs with as plain and simple a timbre as possible, without vibrato, to avoid the sound of the instrument itself distracting from the harmonic and rhythmic aspects of the piece. Reich himself employed four Farfisa "mini compact" models.

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